Development Status of armored command car vehicle lifting bracket

Time：2021-01-18 View：

In the 1960 s, Chinese armored forces were equipped with 59-type medium tanks and 63-type armored transport vehicle, but they lacked matching crawler-type armored command car, the moving command of the army can only be conducted through the commander to take the command tank (over-shipment radio station than the ordinary tank) or the 63-type armored transport vehicle (code-named WZA531), and the cooperative communication between the arms cannot be carried out, unable to receive the superior's nuclear biochemical alarm, weather forecast and other battlefield public information), and the Command operation is inconvenient (the space in the tank is small, the lighting conditions are poor, it is difficult to see the picture, and the drawing is more difficult; after all, the ordinary armored vehicle is a combat vehicle, and there is no special command operation equipment in the vehicle) and many other problems. It is very inconvenient to command in motion. The Army strongly calls for the timely development and equipment of the special armored command car. Therefore, the early development of supporting armored command car has become the top priority of our army's armored equipment development.
According to the characteristics of the command of armored troops and the demand of the troops, the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army began to prepare the problem of developing and equipping special armored command car for the troops in the early 1970 s, the determination to develop China's first generation of crawler-type armored command car was set around 1975. At the same time, the research and development task was officially assigned to a North armored vehicle manufacturing factory installed 63. In 1976, the factory undertaking the development task began to conduct the overall scheme demonstration, drawing design and production trial production of the first generation of armored command car in China according to the main tactical and technical index requirements of armored command car issued by the headquarters.
At the beginning of the design, the relevant departments required that the armored command car should use the active crawler armored transport vehicle which has been successfully developed and equipped with troops in China as the basic chassis of the command car, and the ideal alternative model at that time was 63. It has good bullet-proof appearance, excellent land and water mobility and good armor protection capability, especially its rear is equipped with spacious passenger compartment, it provides favorable conditions for setting up a spacious and tall command room, and the development of armored command car based on this chassis can not only save a lot of chassis development funds, but also greatly shorten the development cycle, moreover, it also improves the generalization degree of command car, which is convenient for troops to implement guarantee. For this reason, the factory decided to directly select 63 basic vehicles with a large number of equipment, stable performance, low price and good quality, and improved the command car on the basis of the chassis. The plan was soon approved by relevant departments after being reported.
Through the hard work of the vast number of scientific researchers, the factory initially tested and produced a sample car of 3N crawler-type armored command car in 1978, and conducted a thorough test of the factory. Through the basic test, the sample car basically reached the main technical index requirements of armored command car proposed by the military. After the bottom test is qualified, the factory will hand over the sample car to a research institute of armored forces in time for design setting Test. From November 1978 to June 1979, the testers of a research institute of armored forces conducted strict and high-intensity comprehensive tests on command car in Beijing, Heilongjiang and other places, the cumulative mileage of the three sample cars reached 5,086 kilometers. Through the test, the military testers believe that after the modification of the special command car on the basis of the base car 63, the mobility of the armored command car, tactical and Technical indexes such as protection performance and reliability are equivalent to those of basic vehicles. The layout of special command and communication equipment is reasonable and the performance meets the requirements.
In April 1980, the armored military product Setting Committee approved the design setting of this type of armored command car (except talker in the car), named 81 type crawler armored command car, and the product code is z701. From 5f] to June of the same year, relevant departments conducted supplementary tests on talker in the car, and talker in the car passed the acceptance smoothly. On January 20, 1981, the armored military product Setting Committee officially approved the design setting of talker in armored command car, named zy-81 multi-user talker.
In July 1980, the leading authority officially approved the factory to produce and manufacture the first generation of crawler armored command car in China. The scientific researchers of the factory made persistent efforts and worked overtime to produce the first batch of armored command cars in China that year. The dedicated crawler-type armored command car that the officers and men of the army had been looking forward to for a long time finally "settled down" in the armored force of our army ".

II. The tall and spacious command shelter at the back of the car body is its remarkable structural feature.
The 81-type crawler-type armored command car (hereinafter referred to as 81 refers to) inherits the characteristics of the 63-piece clean and concise in appearance. The head of the car is still wedge-shaped and the body is slender, the armor plates on the front and upper sides of the car body are slightly folded inward, which makes it very capable. The most significant difference with 63 is that the rear of the car body is changed into a tall and vertical shelter structure, so as to install more communication equipment and observation equipment. This feature makes it "exactly the same" as armored ambulance in appearance ". In fact, the first generation of crawler armored ambulance in China is a modified vehicle derived from 81 fingers. The difference between armored command car and armored ambulance is that in addition to the striking red cross feature of armored ambulance, there is also a trick to look at the antenna. If there is any antenna, it is command car, if there is only one antenna, it is naturally an armored ambulance. Of course, with the development of information technology, it is not surprising that the armored command car has only one antenna after the problem of shared antenna has been fundamentally solved.
The overall structure of 81} decree is similar to that of 63 installation. From front to back, there are passenger room (there is also a transmission device), power room and command room (63 installation is a passenger room). There are vehicle length, driver and co-driver in the passenger room. The driver and co-driver are respectively located on the left and right sides of the transmission device, and the vehicle length is behind the driver. The division of labor among the three passengers is as follows: The driver is responsible for driving the vehicle; The co-pilot (and machine gun shooter) is responsible for observing the road and the enemy. When faced with the threat of the enemy, according to the instructions of the coach or using the 7.62mm infantry class with movable shield installed in front of the co-driver window, use light machine gun (usually the machine gun is fixed on the right inclined deck of the car, the cartridge cabin on the horizontal deck can store 1,000 machine bombs, which can be installed on the window in wartime, and can also be removed in battle when ordinary light machine gun are used) for self-defense; the conductor is responsible for directing the vehicle actions according to the command of the commander. When command car stops to carry out command, three passengers may also be responsible for the security alert task to prevent the enemy from sneak attack; Responsible for using the mobile generator on the car to supply power to the vehicle; when the commander is far away from command car (no more than 1kilometre distance) and uses remote control device for command, he is responsible for operating communication equipment such as radio station. In addition, it is also possible to perform other duties assigned by the commander, such as serving as a messenger to send documents, acting as a health worker to carry out rescue, etc. In a word, compared with 63 packages, 81 passengers may carry out more and more complicated tasks, have higher professional skills requirements, and need to be specialized and capable.
In order to facilitate the service communication between the three passengers, the driver call box and the coach call box are installed in the left deck of the passenger room, and a call box is also installed on the right deck of the co-driver.
Behind the passenger room is the power room. The power room is equipped with engine, air filter, oil tank, water radiator, oil radiator, cold air heater and other devices; Most of the devices in the power room are the same as those installed in 63, the difference is that a cold air heater is installed on the horizontal deck on the right side of the power room for heating the command room under severe cold conditions. There is no special heating equipment in the passenger room, which can only be heated by the waste heat generated by the transmission device, engine, etc.
Next to the power room is the command room at the back. In order to form a tall and vertical shelter structure, 8l means that the rear top deck of the car body is increased by 306mm on the basis of the original 63 installation, and the inclination angle of the inclined deck on both sides is increased from 65 degrees to 87 degrees, the original relatively narrow and low passenger room has become a tall and spacious generous cabin, providing a good space for commanders to command activities. In addition, the original 63-mounted passenger compartment is directly connected with the front passenger compartment and power compartment, so as to facilitate the mobility of passengers and passengers in the vehicle, in this way, the noise in the loading room is quite large. In order to maintain a relatively quiet man-machine environment in the command room, the thick partition of the vehicle separates the passenger room, the Power Room and the command room, and installs a access door on the left and right sides of the partition, this not only greatly reduces the noise of the command room, but also does not affect the mobility of personnel in the passenger room and the command room. The command room mainly consists of five parts, namely the seats of commanders and staff officers, radio stations and in-car communication equipment, observation equipment, command equipment, power supply and ventilation devices, etc. Its main features:
The first is that the command room can take more refers to the participants, and can carry a certain number of passengers. 81 refers to the provision of 2 Commander seats, 3 staff seats, and 2 carrier seats (Communication Officer or guard officer who can carry the head, etc.), the command table and seat of the participants are installed accordingly. The specific seats are distributed in this way: the front left is the No. 1 commander's seat for the main commanders of the division, brigade (regiment), chief of staff, etc.; The front right is the No. 2 commander's seat, for military political commanders and deputy commanders, etc.; The first seat on the left side of the command room is the No. 1 staff seat, the second seat on the left side of the command room is the No. 2 staff seat, and the first seat on the right side of the command room is the No. 3 staff seat; the second seat on the right side of the command room is a spare seat, and the other spare seat is located at the back door, which is used by two passengers.
Secondly, there are as many as 7 electric stations installed in the command room. Radio stations and communication equipment are the "mouthpiece" of commanders, and their performance is directly related to the issue of whether the commander's decree can be unblocked. Therefore, command car's radio stations and communication equipment not only require a large number, and it requires good performance. Therefore, 81 refers to the installation of 5 A ~ 220A Short Wave FM tank radio stations in the car (3 of which are commonly used radio stations and 2 are standby radio stations), A 714B knapsack radio station used for cooperative communication between Butan, a 339-type amplitude modulation receiver in Part l, and five in-car call boxes. The distribution of the radio station and the call box in the car is as follows: first, the No. 2 commander seat is equipped with the panel of the control radio station (including signal lights, speakers and other equipment) and 2 call boxes; the No. 1 staff seat installed A- 220A radio station (numbered A1) and A call box, and placed A 714 radio station; The No. 2 staff seat installed 2 A- 220A radio stations (numbered A2, a5, where A5 is a standby radio station) and a call box; The No. 3 staff seat is equipped with a 339 receiver and a call box, the standby seat on the right side is equipped with 2 a-220a radio stations (the numbers are A3 and A4 respectively, of which A4 is the standby radio station).
The usage and distribution of radio stations are as follows: Commander 1 and Commander 2 can use any one of the three commonly used radio stations for command; Radio A1 can be used for one participant, and radio A2 and A5 can be used for two participants, three parameters can use 339 receivers and A3 and A4 radio stations. The three commonly used radio stations each use their own antennas, and the three antennas are respectively installed on the top armor plate of the command room into isosceles triangles.
The third is that the command room is equipped with sight glass on all sides. The command room is equipped with 12 bullet-proof glass looking mirrors with automatic defrosting function. Among them, 6 pieces are installed in front of the command room, and 2 pieces are installed in the left and right armor plates of the command room, two vertical armor plates were installed behind the command room. During the battle, the participants can observe the battlefield through these 12 looking mirrors. If necessary, they can also open the sky-light window door of the command room and show their bodies to observe outward. In addition, in order to facilitate the observation of distant targets under the car, the car is also equipped with a 63-type 8-fold artillery mirror.
The fourth is that there are many kinds of mobile command equipment, all of which are available. In order to facilitate the implementation of command and operation outside the vehicle, the vehicle is specially equipped with wired remote control communication device, it can satisfy that the participants can use the in-car radio station to command and communicate remotely within a distance of 1 kilometre. The remote control device includes remote control interconnecting device, portable remote control box and 2 pairs of light field phone covered lines with each length of 2 kilometre. The remote control interconnecting device is installed on the rear deck on the left side of the back door; The portable remote control box is usually stored under the A1 radio station and placed together with the backpack 714B radio station. In addition, the staff can also use the backpack-type 714B radio station to carry out internal and external cooperative communication (this type of radio station can communicate with a-220a radio station).
The fifth is the power supply of multiple power supply devices to ensure the safety and stability of power supply. 81 refers to the power supply device, in addition to the existing DC generator installed on the engine and four storage batteries, also added a mobile auxiliary power supply device. The DC generator on the engine is zfc-1500 DC generator, equipped with ft-3q pressure regulator and l-108q filters. Four 65-type batteries (used in series and parallel, with a total capacity of 280 ampere hours) are installed under the commander's seat of No. 1 and No. 2 (63 installed under the carrier's seat). It is worth mentioning that, according to the characteristics of command car radio station, large power consumption and high requirement for stability of power supply, in order to meet the command car's stable power supply for a long time when conducting command between stops, the car is also specially equipped with l mobile alternator as auxiliary power supply. The auxiliary power supply device consists of 702A gasoline generator set, rectifier and 50 meters long cable. 702A gasoline generator set includes 2.2 kW single-cylinder gasoline engine and 1 kW single-phase self-excited alternator, which can provide 230V and 50Hz single-phase alternating current with rated power of 1 kW; rectifier consists of transformer and single-phase bridge full wave silicon rectifier. When in use, place the mobile generator on a flat and hidden place outside the vehicle, connect the rectifier and connect the cable to the battery in the vehicle. After the generator starts, the alternating current output by the generator is rectified by the rectifier, provide 26V, 30 a DC to the car radio and other electrical equipment, and charge the battery.
The sixth is the combination of exhaust device size and strength. In order to improve the ventilation conditions in the car, the car installed a strong exhaust fan on the rear deck to forcibly ventilate the command room. In addition, small electric fan of T3 rubber blades are installed in the command room, which are used by the designated participants as needed to improve the local working conditions of the command room. In order to improve the ventilation condition of the passenger room, the car also installed an exhaust fan behind the coach window of the passenger room.
Because 81 refers to the 63-piece transformation car, the structure and performance of the car's propulsion system, protection system, etc. are the same as those of its base car. In order to reduce the target features, the car uses the same army green as the base car for camouflage.

III. The armored forces have a mobile command post, and the armored commanders have an activity "Chinese military account"
81 refers to the greatest contribution to the successful development and equipment of the troops, which makes cataphract, who is good at maneuver warfare, have a special armored command car, which enables the armored troops to advance, move and stay together with the troops, the mobile command post of the same defense has given the armored commander a "Chinese military account" with strong mobility, good protection, many communication equipment and good observation conditions ", since then, the operational command of the armored force has been started with armored command car as the backbone and armored communication vehicle as the center, the new era of dynamic command equipment system supported by armored reconnaissance vehicles and intelligence information processing vehicles has realized the historic leap of armored forces troop Operation Command. Although the car still has such and such deficiencies and problems, after all, it solves the problem of whether the armored forces command the armored equipment during the movement. Compared with command tank and substitute armor transport vehicle, the car has the following remarkable features:
First, the number of communication means has increased significantly, basically meeting the demand of commanders to carry out command in the main communication network of armored forces. Under modern conditions, armored forces should form at least a dozen wired and wireless communication networks with vehicular transceiver, backpack radio stations, field wired communication equipment, etc. Among them, the combat command network dominated by radio communication, combat Support and support network, cooperative combat network and reconnaissance intelligence network are the key communication networks of the troops. When the commander took the command tank to carry out the command, there were only two radio stations in the car. After listening to this network, he could not take care of other networks, if you want to switch to the network, you have to convert the radio frequency (A 220A radio has to adjust the antenna tuner when changing the frequency, which is particularly troublesome). In case of emergency, the commander is anxious and has no choice. 81 refers to the installation of 6 fixed radio stations and 1 mobile radio station, which can join 3~5 main command communication networks at the same time, and can ensure that commanders carry out command in 3 main networks, it is much more convenient than commanding tanks. In addition, 81 refers to an amplitude modulation receiver specially installed to receive battlefield public and collaborative information such as nuclear and chemical alarms, weather forecasts, and action notifications from friends and neighbors, which greatly expands the information channels of commanders, so that the commander can "be observant and alert, listen to all directions.
The second is that the observation environment is obviously improved, which basically meets the needs of commanders to comprehensively observe the battlefield under various conditions. The most troublesome problem in commanding and fighting in tanks and armored vehicles is observation. In order to solve this problem, 81 refers to installing 12 prospective mirrors in the command room, and the installation position of the prospective mirror is also moderate, which can make the participants of medium height, sitting in their respective seats, you can directly observe outward at a glance, and the blind area of observation is very small (the front blind area is 60 meters, and the two sides are 8 meters), compared with the command tank and 63 installation, the observation conditions are greatly improved. Moreover, all the 12 looking mirrors adopt bullet-proof glass structure, which can effectively resist the direct strike of 7.62mm armor-piercing bombs launched at a distance of about 200 or 300 meters to ensure the safety of the participants. In addition, these looking mirrors can not only meet the requirements of the participants to observe the battlefield under the conditions of normal temperature and humidity, but also make them see clearly and clearly under the conditions of cold, snow and high humidity. It turns out that these prospect mirrors are equipped with electric defrosting devices, which can automatically heat and defrost the prospect mirror under the conditions of low temperature and high humidity. The device consists of bullet-proof glass, electric heating defrosting glass, thermistor, heating resistance, temperature control box, etc. When commanding under severe cold and other conditions, switch can be used to control the front, side and rear looking mirror to carry out automatic defrosting respectively, and the heating resistor can be controlled to be heated intermittently through thermal circuit to keep the mirror constant temperature. This technology is rarely used in other armored vehicles, which is regarded as a special "humanistic care" for commanders.
Thirdly, the command and operation environment have been significantly improved, which meets the needs of commanders to carry out long-term command under the condition of cold winter and heat. The first is that the command room is tall, spacious, bright, and the middle-sized personnel move freely in the cabin. There is no need to bend down and lower their heads, which is much more comfortable than in the command tank and 63 packs, otherwise, Commander Kang in "Sandland point soldiers" had a glass of beer with Commander Pang in his command "mount" before "being captured. No, how to sit in the tank is awkward. Therefore, before the army rearranged and left office, Commander Pang had to put beer on the find it difficult to tear apart of the tank he Fender one bucket at a time, singing to the wine! The second is the command room "warm in winter and cool in summer". Readers all know that tanks and armored vehicles are like "iron cage", with cold winter, hot summer, harsh working environment and difficult operating conditions. In order to enable the participants to stay in the car in hot summer and cold winter in lunar December, they can sit firmly, write well and Mark Fast, 81 refers to adopting a series of cooling and keeping warm measures. One is to separate the power room from the command room with a partition, which is both soundproof and insulated. In addition to the large fan strong exhaust of the command room, the command room is still relatively cool (the effect is certainly not as good as the air conditioner); the other is to install a "oil heating" in the car to heat the command room. The device is a fuel oil type cold air heater, which uses the fuel carried by the car to heat. The switch of the device is installed on the partition above the A3 radio station on the right side of the command room and operated by the No. 3 staff officer (or other personnel). The heating capacity of this cold air heater reaches 10,000 calories/hour, and the heating effect is quite obvious: when the vehicle stops at the leeway, When the temperature outside the car is minus 35 degrees Celsius, use the cold air heater to heat for 1 hour, and the temperature inside the command room can reach minus 5 degrees Celsius. After a long period of heating, it can make the temperature difference between inside and outside the car reach about 45 degrees Celsius, which can provide a comfortable command environment for commanders.